Engine valve



5 Sheets-Sheet INVENTUR 20) C. J. PILLIOD ENGINE VALVE Filed Sept. 27

May 20, 1924. 1,494,800 c. J. PILLIOD ENGINE VALVE Filed Sept. 27-. 1920I 5 She ets-Sheet 2 INVEN' m M .W

May 20, 1924. 1,494,800

' CMJ. PILLIOD ENGINE VALVE Filed Sept. 27 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 3INVENTDR c. J. PILLIOD ENGINE VALVE May 0, 1924. 1,494,800

Filed ,Sept. 27 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INK/ENTER awawfi I w H May20,1924.

C. J. PILLlO-D ENGINE VALVE Filed Sept. 27

1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented May 20, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1 I 1,494,800 PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES J. PILInIOD, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR T DANIEL SEARLES,TRU$TEE,

OF TQLEDO, OHIO.

ENGINE VALVE.

Application filed September 27,;1920. Serial No. 413,061.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES J. PILLIOD, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, havemade an Invention Appertaining to Engine Valves; and I do declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

Thisinvention relates to valves for controlling the admission andexhaust of an operating fluid to and from the cylinders of fluidoperated engines, other than those of the internal combustion type, andis particularly intended for use in connection with steam engines.

The primary object of my invention. is to improve on the constructionand operation of the valve shown and described in my Patent No.1,414,152, granted April 25, 1922, whereby to enhance the efliciency andcommercial value thereof.

While the invention, in its broader aspect, is capable of embodiments innumerous 30 forms, a preferred and modified embodiment thereof areillustrated in the accompanying drawings, in Which,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of a locomotive embodying theinvention with the valve and a portion of the associated cylinder incentral vertical longitudinal section. Fig. 2 is an enlarged horizontallongitudinal section of the valve. Figs. 3, 4, and 6 are sectional viewsof the valve with the steam chest ends removed and with the valve partsin different successive positions of a cycle, with the cutofl' valve inFigs. 3,

4 and 6 positioned to obtain the maximum point of cut-ofl' and with thecut-off valve 5 in Fig. 5 positioned to obtain a cut-off of the livefluid at approximately one-half of the piston travel. Figs. 7, 8, 9andare views similar to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively, of a modifiedform of the valve, and Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are cross sections of thevalve taken on the lines 1111, 12-12, 13 13 and 1414. in Fig. 2. i

Referring-to the drawings, 1 designates a steam chest forming acylindrical valve casing 2, and a side exhaust passage 3 havingcommunication at each end through passages 4, 4 with the respective endof the valve chamber formed by the casing 2. Live steam which for thepurpose of this description may be considered as the operating fluid, isadmitted to the valve chamber of the steam chest substantially centrallyof its ends through a top conduit 5 communicating with any suitablesource of supply, and the valve chamber is provided in its wall atopposite sides of its center with annular recesses 6 and 7, whichcommunicate at their bottoms through ports 8 and 9 with the respectivecylinder ports 10 and 11' leading to the opposite ends of the cylinder12.- The exhaust passage 3 of the steam chest has communication throughan exhaust port 13 in its bottom side with the main exhaust passage 14in the cylinder wall. The steam chest at the ends of the valve chamberis closed by heads 15 and 16.

A core member 17 of ring form is fitted in the valve chamber centrallyof its ends in covering relation to the live steam supply passage 5 andhas-one or more openings 17 a in register with said'passage to permitthe admission of live steam into the valve chamber interiorly of thecore.. The core 17 has cylindrical flanges 18 projecting in oppositedirections from its inner edges, which flanges cooperate with the valvechamber casing at the inner sides of the passages 6 and 7 to form'valveguiding spaces 'therebetween and to protect the valve ends from livesteam pressure, as'hereinafter described.

Apair of telescoped valve sleeves 19 and 20 is provided in each endportion ofthe valve chamber in closing relation to the respectivepassages 6and 7 therein, the inner sleeve 19 being fltted at its-innerend portion for longitudinal sliding movements on the adjacent coreextension or flange 18 and the outer sleeve 20 beingfitted at its innerend portion for longitudinal sliding movements on the sleeve 19 inspaced relation to the wall of the valve chamber. Each inner valvesleeve 19 is shorter than the associated sleeve the exhaust spaces atthe outer end portions of thevalve chamber. The partitions 21 of the twovalve sleeves 19 .are rigidlyxconnected by a spacing member 23 and bolt24 to ton rod cross-head of such gear.

cause the two sleeves to have movements in unison and to cooperate toform a plug valve.

A cut-off sleeve 25 is mounted on each valve sleeve 20 and has a closesliding fit between such sleeve and the valve casing 2. Each cut-01fsleeve is adapted to close the respective casing recess 6, 7 to theinterior of the valve chamber except for the provision of twolongitudinally spaced sets of inlet ports 26 and exhaust ports 27rovided in annular series in each cut-off seeve.

Each set of valve sleeves 19 and 20 has a set of radial'inlet ports 28and 29 provided respectively therein in annular series and adapted toregister with each other and to open communication between the-ports 26of the associated cut-off sleeve 25 and the live steam space 22 toadmitlive fluid to the respective end of the cylinder 12 during apredetermined portion of the relative movements ofsaid sleeves, as willbe hereinafter .haust from a cylinder may both be varied to suit runningconditions by movements of the cut-ofi sleeves 25.

. The inner sleeves 19, 19 are connected by a rod 31 to the radius rod32of the valve gear, and the sleeves 20,. 20 are rigidly connected to eachother and to the combinationlever' 34 of the valve gear by a rod33,..sothatthe inner setv of sleeves 19 is operated by thereversingmeans of the valve gear and the outer set of sleeves 20 is operated bythe pis- It is thus evident that the valve sleeves 19 and 20 have theirdifferential movements controlled by the movements of the radius rod 32and combination lever 34 of the valve gear. The cutoff sleeves 25,. 25have rods 35 projecting from theirouter ends through the ends of thevalve chest and connected to respective levers 36, 36, which are in turnconnected to any suitable control by reach rods 37. The control rods forthe, several sleeves project through stuffing boxes. in the respectiveends of the valve chest. I

It will be understood that while I have particularly shown my valve inconnection with one type of valve gear, it is not restricted to use inconnection therewith, but may be coupled up toany valve gearof eitherthe radial or eccentric driven type, and may also be usedinconnectionwith sta tionary and marine engines. to control the admission of steamto, and its exhaust from, the, engine cylinder.

It is evident that the design of my valve is such that it can beinserted into the valve casings of engines now in use and substitutedfor the steam control valves of the plain plug or piston type usedtherein without changing the location of the ports and the steamdistributing channels or recesses in such casmgs.

In describing the operation of my valve mechanism, reference is madeparticularly to Figs. 3 to 6, in each of which the points on the circlesat the left indicate the relative valve gear positions for the differentvalve sleeves, as in all types of gears or operating means for the valvesleeves the position of the eccentric or reversing means is 90 inadvance of the cross-head movement. For this reason such movements areillustrated diagrammatically at the left of each of said figures anddesigante the different eccentric and crosshead positions for differentpositions of the valve sleeves. In other words, when the cross-head isat the extreme of its movement in either direction the eccentricis atthe center of its travel, and vice versa. In

'the valve gear illustrated the radius rod 32 on oneside of thelocomotive is operated from the cross-head on the opposite side, thisbeing necessary in the present case as all valve motions are derivedfrom the crossheads. 7

In Fig. 1 the cross-head 38 of the valve gear is at the extreme of itsleft stroke, with the upper end of the combination lever 34, whichconnects the valves 20, at the extreme of its right stroke, asillustrated in Fig. 3, while the radius rod 32, connecting the valves19, is atv mid-position due to the mid-position of the crosshead on thefar side of the locomotive. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the valves are inwhat isknown as lead position with respect to. the left end of the cylinder 12where admission is beginning. lVhen the valve sleeves are in thisposition steam is beginning to enter the left end of the cylinderthrough the valve ports 28, 29, 26 and valve chest and cylinder ports 6,8 and 10. During the continued movement of the valve sleeves, which istoward the left-and at different speeds, the ports 28 and 29 continue toopen and then to close until the full cut-off position shown in Fig. 4isreached. All valve ports on left end then remain closed until therelease posi tion shown in Fig. 6 is reached when the left end exhaustports 30 begin to open, such opening continuing-until the valves havenearly reached the position shown in Fig. 3. The exhaust then takesplace from the left end of the cylinder through ports .10, 8 and 6 inthe cylinder and valve chest and through ports 27 and 30 in the left endvalve sleeves 25 and 20 into the interior ,outer end portions of saidvalves and out- "ward therefrom through the valve chest I end exhaustport 4 into the expansion passage 3 in the chest 'fromwhich it passesthrough the chest port 13 and main exhaust passage 14. It willbeunderstood that the "valves 19 an'd 20 which are constant at all times.7 Then it is desired to reverse the move- .ment of the engineth'e'reversemechanism is operated to effect a shifting of the valve 19so thatinstead of zthe eccentric position being as shown in Fig; it willbe 180 in advance ofsuch position. ,7

- It is evident that to cut ofi the steam the cut-off sleeves '25, '25are moved in 0p- .posite directions by movements of the controlmechanism and that the steam may have a hundred per cent cut-off, ifdesired,

although it is usually not practical to exceed a ninety per centcut-off. The control of the port openings and cut-oif sleeves is'entirely independent of the exhaust, thereby not sacrificingrelease toobtain any desired range of steam admission.

-It is evident with the vuse: of my valve that the opening-and closingmovements of the valves19 and 20 remain'constant, while the steamcut-ofi' portions of the cut off valves may be'varied at will, thusenabling a maximum efficiency for either the .normal running or startinglpositions to be obtained; thatthe constant events, such as the exhaustrelease, exhaust closure, steam admission and steam pre-admissiom-aredetermined by the design or service requirements, and that the valvesleeves are pro;

tected at their inner ends from live steam pressure by the valve chestand; core aror any cut-ofi' can be obtained.

rangement. It is alsoevident that with my valve there is no' limitationas to eventsto be secured, that is, any release-any closure,

The primary differences between my present valve and that of my saidprior application reside in shortening the core member so that it'extends only'to'the admission ports, changingthe construction of theinner valve sleeves to perform a part of the function previouslyperformed :by the core :member, and extending the outer ends of thecut-off sleeves beyond the ends of the .ports in communication with-the.cylinder "so thatthe en'ds df'thecut-ofl'esleeves will not be subjectedat any "time to :live steam pressure.

In Figs. 7 to 10 the core member is shown estimate and end bus'hingmember's ab,- 40 substituted therefor. These bushings are litted intheendportions of the valve chamber,

with their inner ends in 'sp aced relation and in i communication withthe central live'fiui d space of the chamberfand "form bearings for therespective cut-off sleeves and for the inner end portions of the outervalve sleeves. The bushings are provided With ports 41 opening intothevalve chest recessesfi and, 7 in communication with the cylinder ports.In this form of thei'nvennon i2 designates'the plugvalve in which theinward sleeve-like, extensions of the valve '19 shown in the other,figures are omitted; 43 are the outer sleevevalves and 44; the cut-offsleeves.

I wish" it understood that myjinvent-ion is not limited to any specificconstruction, arrangement "or formofthe parts or location: of theports,:as it, is. capable-of nu merous, modificationsi'an'd changes jwithoutdeparting fromthe spirit "of the .clain'is';v

YH'a'ving thus described v my' invention,

what I claim as new, and desire" to secureiby Letters Patient, ,is,;

' 1. In 7 a fluid pressure engine, means formmg a valve chest.-having.acentrally disposed live fluid admission passage, a port at each side ofthebe'ntral passage-forming a cylinder admission and exhaust port, and ainainexhaust passage in communication with the chestends, a pair ofrigidly connected .sleeve' valves mounted in the chest rin axiallyspaced relation at opposite sides of its live admission .passage, asecond pair -'of rig-idly connected sleeve valves mounted in the firstpair and havingtheirouterends closed,; w=ith the space between the-same.in I

permanent communication with the su-pply passage, said valves havingports which cooperate :upon a relat ve "movement of the in nerand outervalves-to control the admission and exhaustof fluid to and froman,

associated engine cylinder through the respective cylinder "port, theinlet of steam to the cylinder beingfrom the space between the ends ofthe innervalve sleeves and the exhaust being into the respective outerend portions of the chest and thence to the main exhaust passage, andmeans for imparting p'redeterminedtravel to'each pair of valves, saidvalve chest means having .portlons w'hiohenter "and serve'to seal theinner'end edges of the first pair of sleeve valves.

2 In a fluid pressure engine, means forming a valve chest having a livefluid admission'passage and "cylinder admission and exhaust ports ateach .side thereof and a main --exhaust passage in communication withits ends and also having an annular- "outwardly facing, recess betweenthe admission passage *and'reach cylinder admission and exhaust pe t. apa r JD g d y cenn cte sleeve valves mounted in the chest and havingtheir outer ends closed and their inner ends fitted into the respectivechest recesses, a second pair of rigidly connected sleeve valves mountedin the chest in axially spaced relation at opposite sides of its livefluid admission passage and around the first sleeve valves, said sleevevalves having ports which cooperate upon a relative movement of. theinner and outer valves to control the admission and exhaust of fluid toand from an associated engine cylinder through the respective cylinderport, the inlet of steam to the cylinder being from the space betweenthe closed ends-of the inner sleeve valves and the exhaust being intothe respective outer end portions of the chest and thence to the mainexhaust passage, and means for imparting predetermined travel to eachpair of valves. v

3. In a fluid pressure engine, means forminga valve chest having a livefluid inlet, an exhaust passage andcylinder admission and exhaust ports,valve means of sleeve form mounted in the chest and having ad- 'missionand exhaust ports in association with each cylinder port, a piston valvemounted in the valve means and having spaced ends with the spacetherebetween in permanent communication vwith the live fluid inlet andhaving ports associated with the cylinder ports, and means for operatingthe valve means and piston valve to cause a periodical register of thepiston valve ports and valve means inlet ports to admit live fluid tothe respective cylinder ends and a periodical opening of the valve meansexhaust ports to the respective cylinder ports 7 and exhaust passage,and means independ ent of said valve means and said piston valveoperable to vary the closure of the admis' sion ports.

4. In a fluid pressure engine, means forming a valve chest having a livefluid inlet intermediate its ends, a main exhaust passage incommunication with its ends, and cylinder admission and exhaust ports atopposite sides of the fluid inlet, a double sleeve valve mounted in thechest and having inlet and exhaust ports at each end for "register withthe respective cylinder ports, a hollow piston valve mounted in thesleeve valve in permanent communication between its ends with the livefluid inlet and having ports at its end portions associated with thecylinder ports, and means for imparting predetermined movement tothe-sleeve and piston valves to cause a periodical registering of thepiston valve ports with the respective inlet ports of the sleeve valveto admit live fluid to the respective cylinder ends and a periodicalopening of the sleeve valve exhaust ports to the respective cylinderports and exhaust passage, and means normally standing at rest butoperable to varv the closure of the admission of fluid to constanttravel valves working one within another for controlling the admissionand exhaust to and from an associated engine cylinder, the inner valvebeing of hollow sure supply and exhaust passages, a set of piston form,a variable travel cut-off valve cooperating with one of the constanttravel valves to cut off the fluid supply to the cylinder at anypredetermined point of travel of the cooperating valve, and means forimparting predetermined differential movements to the constant travelvalves.

,6. In a fluid pressure engine, means forming fluid pressure supply/andexhaust passages and cylinder ports, a pair of rigidly connected sleevevalves, a second pair of rigidly connected sleeve valves mounted in thefirst pair and having their outer ends closed with the space'between thesame in permanent communication with the supply passage, said valvescooperating 'to control the admission and exhaust of fluid to and froman associated engine cylinder, means for impart ng constantpredetermined relative travel to the inner and outer sleeve valves, andcut-ofl sleeves mounted on the outer setof valve sleeves and extendingat their outer ends beyond the respective cylinder ports; 1

7. In a ing fluid pressure supply and exhaust passages and cylinderports, a pair of rigidly connected sleeve valves, a second pair ofrigidly connected sleeve valves mounted in the first pair and havingtheir outer ends closed with the space between thesame in' permanentcommunication with the supply passage, said valves cooperating tocontrolthe admission and exhaust of fluid to and 'from an associated enginecylinder, means .for imparting constant predetermined 'relative travelto the inner and outer sleeve valves, and cut-ofl sleeves mounted on theouter set of valve sleeves and extending at their outer ends beyond therespective cylin der ports, said first means having provision forenclosing'the inner ends of the different valve sleeves to protect themfrom live fluid pressure. I v

8. In a fluid pressure engine, means forming a cylindrical steam chesthaving a fluid supply passage at its center and exhaust passages atitsends and cylinder ports between each exhaust passage and supply passage,a core member fitted in the central portion of the chest with atransverse opening therethrough in communication with the supply passageand with cylindrical flanges extending outward from the inner edges ofits opposite ends to cooperate with the chest fluid pressure engine,means formregister with such ports, the intermediate wall to formannular recesses, three sets of telescoped sleeves mounted in the chestthe respective recesses formed by the core member and chest to protectthem from live fluid pressure, the outer set having openings in registerwith the cylinder portsand extending at their outer ends beyond saidports, the outer set forming cut-off sleeves and extending at theirouter ends beyond the cylinder ports and having openings in set ofsleeves each having inlet and exhaust ports for register with therespective cylinder ports, and the inner set of sleeves each havingports for registering with the respective inlet ports of theintermediate sleeves and having their ends closed without said ports,means for imparting predetermined constant differential movements totheinner and intermediate sleeve sets to periodically open and close thelive fluid space between the ends of the inner set to the cylinder portsand to periodically open the cylinder ports to the exhaust passages ofthe chest through the exhaust ports of the intermediate sleeve,

and means for imparting opposed-uniform movements to the cut-offsleeves.

9. In a fluid pressure engine, means forming a valve chest having acentrally disposed live fluid admission passage, a port at each side ofthe central passage forming a cylinder admission and exhaust port, and amain exhaust passage in communication with the chest ends, a pair ofrigidly connected sleeve valves mounted in the chest in axially spacedrelation at opposite sides of its live admission passage, a second pairof rigidly connected sleeve valves mounted in the first pair and havingtheir outer ends closed,

with the space between the same in permanent communication with thesupply passage, said valves having ports which cooperate upon a relativemovement of the inner and outer valves to control the admission andexhaust of fluid to and from an associated engine cylinder through therespective cylinder port, the inlet of steam to the cylinder being fromthe space between the ends of the inner valve sleeves and the exhaustbeing into the respective outer end portions of the chest and thence tothe main exhaust passage, means for imparting predetermined travel toeach pair of valves, said valve chest means. having portions which enterand serve to seal the inner edges of the first pair of sleeve valves,and means to vary the fluid admission to the cylinder independent of thesaid two pair of sleeve valves.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name to thisspecification.

CHARLES J. PILLIOD.

